In particular, the now rarely used because of its mercury content of amalgam was for many years discussed a health risk - so far without a recognized scientific confirmation. However, possible risks of other substitute materials and materials in dentistry disturb patients.
The following text of the Cancer Information Service has compiled an overview of the current state of knowledge.
Amalgam: Cancer risk unlikely
Amalgams are mixtures of metals, silver, tin, copper, zinc and mercury in different proportions. This latter metal has triggered the debate about the health risks posed by amalgam fillings. The mercury is during the curing of a dental filling while largely involved. Nevertheless, amalgam fillings give off during and shortly after laying mercury, very little extent, still later, by abrasion during mastication, with nocturnal teeth grinding or back at a distance.
The data on the amount of absorbed mercury from amalgam fillings vary in spite of many studies, it is certainly different from person to person. A big factor is the Kaugewohnheiten or a tendency to nocturnal teeth grinding. Overall, most data are for the daily intake from dental fillings far below the amounts of mercury that are now taken by the average food.
* There are a testament to cancer by amalgam fillings it is not today. Other health problems that are often the mercury-containing dental fillings are attributed, not clearly confirmed.
Recent studies and reviews
In a large research project on 5,000 patients, for example, no correlation between the number of amalgam fillings and the occurrence detected by symptoms that brought the participants with the metals in combination (here, a press release from the hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, www. med.tu-muenchen.de/suche.php? we_objectID = 996 & pid = 0).
Also concerning the rehabilitation of existing amalgam fillings, this research project came to some surprising results, the authors of the underlying scientific publications: whether the excretion or detoxification treatment was conducted or not seemed, for complaints of the study participants to play a role. As for the relief of amalgam alleged damages, it did not matter whether the subjects could remove the amalgam fillings or participating in a recreational and health training with advice on a healthier lifestyle.
In April 2008, two from the European Commission responsible committees presented their views on amalgam as filling material. The material mountains, with the exception of possible allergic reactions no health risks, the Federal Chamber of Dentists in a notice ("clear text" 4 / 08 www.bzaek.de/fileadmin/PDFs/klartext/08/0804.pdf, the key word "amalgam: Positive Expert Report ").
Cancer patient and dental health: dental amalgam fillings must be removed
In the opinion of experts is on the evaluation of recent studies, no general reason to be removed intact amalgam fillings.
Exceptions are the rare allergy to amalgam, taste changes associated with so-called electro-chemical interactions, if different metals were used for dental restoration, as well as lichens and fungal diseases of the mouth (so-called lichen planus).
* A cancer is also no reason to restore intact amalgam fillings or to make even a mercury detoxification with diverting drugs.
to do the teeth and gums to be desired: some cancer therapies can have in a worst case impact on dental health, such as irradiation of the head or certain forms of anti-hormone therapy. Therefore, many cancer doctors recommend a trip to the dentist before starting treatment if the treatment plan allows. Thus, existing dental problems are corrected before cancer treatment begins. More to oral and dental care during treatment for cancer information service compiled here.
Consumer Protection: Why are there ever restrictions on amalgam?
To date, there is no dental material that is comparable in durability to as good and easy process for the patient can be as amalgam.
Nevertheless, it was restricted to mid-90s after initially overwhelming emphasis on the benefits of the application and prescribed the composition of the amalgams.
An important aspect was the protection of dental personnel was the daily preparation of the filling material to come with larger amounts of unbound mercury in touch. The mercury pollution in the environment - in the production, about waste and waste water - should be reduced.
Published in 1995, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), a press release, "the use of dental amalgams in pregnant women, breastfeeding women and children should be reduced even further. Also limited by the use of amalgam in relation to trapping under crowns.
Together with the dental professional organizations, the recommendations were adopted in 1997 all over again: After the responsibility for the selection of the material to the dentist. Pregnant women, nursing mothers and children should not receive amalgam fillings or only after careful consideration. Reduced renal function is also a reason for the waiver of amalgam. The distance to pregnant women should be avoided whenever possible. One requirement for using only certain materials held the BfArM is not justified. In a 2001 published "Risk Assessment of the dental filling material amalgam" of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices of the recommendations were largely repeated in 1997. It was also noted that there would be properly set in amalgam fillings is no reasonable suspicion of adverse effects on health. The most important questions answered by the BfArM in the brochure "amalgams in dental therapy," which is accessible via www.bfarm.de.
Substitutes: are they safe?
In dental treatment and rehabilitation, both metals as well as plastics and ceramics. In 1999, experts from the International Agency for Research on Cancer in an assessment concludes that there is to most materials used no data that indicate a risk of cancer.
Due to the lack of studies can be excluded, at least for some metal alloys risks not sure (in English at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol74/
volume74.pdf).
Metals
Gold alloys are to current knowledge, generally harmless and are considered high quality and durable, as well as the much-used titanium, which is used for example in implant pins.
hit the headlines in the early 90s were also used, especially some of the palladium alloys. For cost reasons, very poor grades from Southeast Asia had been introduced, which did not unusual after a short period of wear corrosion. The so-called savings, gold was used instead of a high-gold alloy. It was not clear initially whether this "rusting" bridges and other prostheses constitute a health risk. For denture quality of palladium to date, however, indicated no signs of complications.
In spring 2008, U.S. trade associations, however, point to lead findings in imported from China dentures. Whether such bridges and other restorations in Germany should apply, can not currently foresee, more at the dental patient counseling www.agz-rnk.de/agz/content/2/aktuelles/akt_00554.php.
Plastics, ceramics, composites
Plastic panels are with respect to the basic health risks have judged most neutral, even if true here also that a benefit-risk assessment may be made in comparison to amalgam in the absence of studies are not really sure. True ceramic inserts are durable and neutral, but have no longer than amalgam. In a narrower sense, it is among the materials currently used to
* Composites has to consist of hard plastic and glass or ceramic particles - they are in comparison to amalgam, not so tough to achieve, but a good life, they are also sophisticated in its processing, further to
* Glass ionomer cements - they are relatively brittle think, not very long, but can be for example at the cervical process well, and often contain fluorine compounds, which also protects against cavities and to
* Compomer, a mixture of the two other groups, which unites their good qualities, but not as durable and is used primarily for temporary or milk teeth.
Solvents and adhesives
Solvents or adhesives play in the processing of these plastics and cements normally hardly an issue. Only some special fillers need to be attached or glued with solvents or toxic before hardening, and their use is essential, however, under certain circumstances. Even here, however, the risk to the patient is extremely low, and only for the seconds of curing, until all chemical compounds have closed.
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